Cloud Migration Assessment Framework

Multi-cloud migration planning and execution guide

Table of Contents

Cloud Migration Assessment Framework

Comprehensive Multi-Cloud Migration Excellence

Version 1.0 | 2025


Table of Contents

  1. Executive Summary
  2. Migration Maturity Model
  3. Assessment Dimensions
  4. Discovery & Inventory
  5. Application Assessment
  6. Data Migration Strategy
  7. Network Architecture
  8. Security & Compliance
  9. Cost Analysis & Optimization
  10. Risk Management
  11. Migration Patterns
  12. Platform Comparison
  13. Implementation Roadmap
  14. Industry Considerations
  15. Success Metrics

Executive Summary

The Cloud Migration Reality

83% of enterprise workloads will be in the cloud by 2025, yet 67% of migrations fail to meet their objectives. Failed migrations cost enterprises an average of $2.8M in lost productivity, overruns, and rework.

Why Migrations Fail

Framework Overview

This framework provides a systematic approach to cloud migration assessment across eight critical dimensions:

  1. Infrastructure Discovery - Complete inventory and dependencies
  2. Application Portfolio - 6R analysis and modernization
  3. Data Architecture - Migration patterns and sync strategies
  4. Network Design - Connectivity and security architecture
  5. Security Posture - Compliance and governance
  6. Cost Optimization - TCO and ROI analysis
  7. Risk Management - Technical and business risks
  8. Organizational Readiness - Skills and change management

Key Deliverables

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Migration Maturity Model

Level 1: Cloud Curious (Score: 0-20)

Characteristics: - On-premises focused - No cloud strategy - Limited cloud knowledge - Manual operations - Waterfall development

Typical Environment: - Physical servers dominant - Monolithic applications - Manual deployments - No automation - Tribal knowledge

Migration Readiness: โŒ Not Ready

Level 2: Cloud Experimenting (Score: 21-40)

Characteristics: - Some cloud usage (shadow IT) - Basic understanding - Lift-and-shift mindset - Some virtualization - Limited automation

Typical Environment: - Mix of physical/virtual - Some IaaS usage - Manual configurations - Basic monitoring - Documented processes

Migration Readiness: โš ๏ธ Significant Preparation Needed

Level 3: Cloud Adopting (Score: 41-60)

Characteristics: - Cloud-first for new projects - Hybrid architecture - DevOps practices emerging - Cost awareness - Security considerations

Typical Environment: - Mostly virtualized - IaaS and some PaaS - CI/CD for some apps - Centralized logging - Change management exists

Migration Readiness: โœ… Ready with Planning

Level 4: Cloud Optimizing (Score: 61-80)

Characteristics: - Cloud-native development - Multi-cloud strategy - Mature DevOps - Cost optimization - Security automation

Typical Environment: - Containerized workloads - PaaS/SaaS preferred - GitOps workflows - Observability platform - FinOps practices

Migration Readiness: โœ… Ready for Complex Migrations

Level 5: Cloud Native (Score: 81-100)

Characteristics: - Serverless-first - Multi-cloud orchestration - Full automation - AI/ML operations - Innovation focus

Typical Environment: - Serverless architectures - Event-driven design - Self-healing systems - Predictive operations - Continuous optimization

Migration Readiness: โœ… Ready for Transformation

Maturity Scoring Matrix

Dimension Weight Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5
Infrastructure 20% Physical Virtual Hybrid Cloud Multi-cloud
Applications 20% Monolithic N-tier Services Microservices Serverless
Data 15% Siloed Centralized Integrated Distributed Real-time
Security 15% Perimeter Layered Zero-trust Automated AI-driven
Operations 10% Manual Scripted Automated Orchestrated Self-healing
Culture 10% Resistant Aware Adopting Embracing Leading
Skills 5% None Basic Developing Proficient Expert
Governance 5% Ad-hoc Defined Managed Optimized Innovative

Assessment Dimensions

Comprehensive Cloud Migration Assessment Areas

Dimension Focus Areas Key Metrics Tools
Infrastructure Servers, Storage, Network Utilization, Age, Dependencies AWS Migration Hub, Azure Migrate
Applications Portfolio, Architecture, Code Complexity, Technical Debt CAST, vFunction
Data Databases, Files, Streams Volume, Velocity, Variety AWS DMS, Azure DMS
Security Identity, Network, Data Vulnerabilities, Compliance Prisma Cloud, Dome9
Performance Latency, Throughput, IOPS SLA, Baselines, Requirements AppDynamics, Datadog
Cost Infrastructure, Licenses, Operations TCO, ROI, Payback CloudHealth, Cloudability
Compliance Regulatory, Industry, Internal Gap Analysis, Remediation AWS Audit Manager
Operations Monitoring, Backup, DR RTO, RPO, Availability PagerDuty, Splunk

Discovery & Inventory

Discovery Methodology

Phase 1: Infrastructure Discovery (Week 1-2)

Compute Resources: - Physical servers inventory - Virtual machines catalog - Container deployments - Serverless functions - Batch jobs

Storage Systems: - SAN/NAS inventory - Object storage usage - Database storage - File shares mapping - Backup systems

Network Components: - Network topology - Firewall rules - Load balancers - DNS configuration - VPN/Direct connections

Phase 2: Application Discovery (Week 3-4)

Application Portfolio: - Business applications - Custom applications - COTS packages - SaaS integrations - Legacy systems

Technical Stack: - Programming languages - Frameworks/libraries - Runtime environments - Middleware components - Third-party services

Phase 3: Data Discovery (Week 5-6)

Data Assets: - Relational databases - NoSQL databases - Data warehouses - File storage - Streaming data

Data Characteristics: - Data volume (TB/PB) - Growth rate - Retention requirements - Compliance needs - Business criticality

Discovery Tools Comparison

Tool Cloud Agentless Auto-Discovery Dependency Mapping Cost
AWS Migration Hub AWS โœ… โœ… โœ… Free*
Azure Migrate Azure โœ… โœ… โœ… Free*
Google Migrate GCP โœ… โœ… โœ… Free*
Cloudamize Any โŒ โœ… โœ… $$$ | | **Turbonomic** | Any | โœ… | โœ… | โœ… | $$||*โ€…*โ€…Device42โ€…*โ€…*|Any|โœ…|โœ…|โœ…|$

Application Assessment

The 6R Migration Strategies

1. Rehost (โ€œLift and Shiftโ€)

When to Use: - Quick migration needed - Minimal changes acceptable - Standard applications - Low risk tolerance

Complexity: โญโญโ˜†โ˜†โ˜†

Example Migration:

Source: VMware vSphere VM (Windows Server 2019)
Target: AWS EC2 (m5.xlarge)
Method: AWS Application Migration Service
Timeline: 2-4 weeks
Cost Impact: -30% infrastructure cost

2. Replatform (โ€œLift and Reshapeโ€)

When to Use: - Some optimization desired - PaaS services available - Moderate risk tolerance - Time for minor changes

Complexity: โญโญโญโ˜†โ˜†

Example Migration:

Source: On-premises SQL Server
Target: Azure SQL Database (Managed)
Method: Azure Database Migration Service
Timeline: 4-6 weeks
Cost Impact: -40% operational cost

3. Repurchase (โ€œDrop and Shopโ€)

When to Use: - SaaS alternative exists - Current system outdated - Maintenance burden high - Standard business process

Complexity: โญโญโญโญโ˜†

Example Migration:

Source: On-premises CRM (Custom)
Target: Salesforce
Method: Data migration + Training
Timeline: 3-6 months
Cost Impact: +20% initially, -50% over 3 years

4. Refactor (โ€œRe-architectโ€)

When to Use: - Cloud-native benefits needed - Scalability requirements - Modern architecture desired - Innovation focus

Complexity: โญโญโญโญโญ

Example Migration:

Source: Monolithic Java application
Target: Microservices on Kubernetes
Method: Strangler pattern
Timeline: 6-12 months
Cost Impact: -60% at scale

5. Retire

When to Use: - Redundant applications - End-of-life systems - Low business value - High maintenance cost

Complexity: โญโ˜†โ˜†โ˜†โ˜†

6. Retain

When to Use: - Recent major investment - Regulatory constraints - High migration risk - Strategic on-premises need

Complexity: โญโ˜†โ˜†โ˜†โ˜†

Application Complexity Scoring

Factor Weight Score Criteria
Architecture 25% Monolithic(5) โ†’ Microservices(1)
Dependencies 20% Many(5) โ†’ Few(1)
Data Volume 15% PB(5) โ†’ GB(1)
Integrations 15% Complex(5) โ†’ Simple(1)
Performance Requirements 10% Ultra-low latency(5) โ†’ Flexible(1)
Compliance 10% Strict(5) โ†’ None(1)
Age/Technical Debt 5% Legacy(5) โ†’ Modern(1)

Data Migration Strategy

Data Migration Patterns

1. Big Bang Migration

Characteristics: - Complete cutover - Minimal migration window - Higher risk - Lower complexity

Best For: - Small datasets (<1TB) - Simple applications - Acceptable downtime

2. Trickle Migration

Characteristics: - Phased approach - Zero downtime - Complex setup - Lower risk

Best For: - Large datasets (>10TB) - Critical applications - No downtime tolerance

3. Hybrid Sync

Characteristics: - Bidirectional sync - Gradual transition - Complex orchestration - Rollback capability

Best For: - Gradual cloud adoption - Risk-averse organizations - Complex dependencies

Data Transfer Methods

Method Speed Cost Use Case Max Data
Internet Transfer Slow $ <100GB 100GB
Direct Connect/ExpressRoute Fast $$$ | Ongoing sync | Unlimited | | **AWS Snowball** | Medium | $$ 10TB-80TB 80TB
AWS Snowmobile Medium $$$$ | >100TB | 100PB | | **Azure Data Box** | Medium | $$ 40TB-1PB 1PB
Database Migration Service Fast $$ Databases 64TB

Database Migration Matrix

Source Target Tool Downtime Complexity
Oracle โ†’ Oracle RDS Oracle DMS Minimal Low
SQL Server โ†’ SQL Server Azure SQL DMS Zero Low
Oracle โ†’ PostgreSQL Aurora PostgreSQL SCT + DMS Minimal High
MySQL โ†’ MySQL Cloud SQL Native replication Zero Low
MongoDB โ†’ MongoDB Atlas mongomirror Minimal Medium
Cassandra โ†’ Cassandra Managed Cassandra sstableloader Hours Medium

Network Architecture

Network Design Patterns

Hub and Spoke

         [Central Hub VPC]
         /      |        \
    [Prod]   [Stage]    [Dev]
      |         |         |
  [Workload] [Workload] [Workload]

Benefits: - Centralized control - Cost-effective - Simple management

Challenges: - Single point of failure - Potential bottleneck

Full Mesh

    [VPC-A] โ†โ†’ [VPC-B]
       โ†‘ โ†˜   โ†™ โ†‘
       โ†“   โœ•   โ†“
       โ†‘ โ†—   โ†– โ†‘
    [VPC-C] โ†โ†’ [VPC-D]

Benefits: - High availability - Direct communication - Low latency

Challenges: - Complex management - Higher cost - Scaling difficulties

Connectivity Options

Option Bandwidth Latency Cost Setup Time Best For
VPN 1.25 Gbps Variable $ Hours Dev/Test
Direct Connect 100 Gbps Consistent $$$ | Weeks | Production | | **ExpressRoute** | 100 Gbps | Consistent | $$$ Weeks Production
Interconnect 100 Gbps Consistent $$$ | Weeks | Production | | **Private Link** | 10 Gbps | Low | $$ Hours SaaS

Security & Compliance

Security Assessment Framework

Identity & Access

Network Security

Data Protection

Compliance Mapping

Regulation AWS Services Azure Services GCP Services
HIPAA HIPAA Eligible Services Azure HIPAA Blueprint Google Cloud Healthcare API
PCI DSS PCI DSS Compliance Package Azure PCI Blueprint PCI DSS on GCP
GDPR AWS GDPR Center Azure GDPR Tools Cloud Data Loss Prevention
SOC 2 AWS Artifact Azure Compliance Manager Google Cloud Compliance
FedRAMP AWS GovCloud Azure Government Google Cloud FedRAMP

Security Tools Comparison

Tool Cloud CSPM CWPP CNAPP Cost
Prisma Cloud Multi โœ… โœ… โœ… $$$$ | | **Dome9** | Multi | โœ… | โœ… | โŒ | $$$
AWS Security Hub AWS โœ… โŒ โŒ ||*โ€…*โ€…AzureSecurityCenterโ€…*โ€…*|Azure|โœ…|โœ…|โŒ|
Chronicle GCP โœ… โŒ โŒ $$$

Cost Analysis & Optimization

Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) Model

Current State Costs

Infrastructure Costs:
โ”œโ”€โ”€ Hardware depreciation: $50K/month
โ”œโ”€โ”€ Data center costs: $30K/month
โ”œโ”€โ”€ Network/bandwidth: $10K/month
โ”œโ”€โ”€ Software licenses: $40K/month
โ”œโ”€โ”€ Support contracts: $20K/month
โ””โ”€โ”€ Total: $150K/month

Operational Costs:
โ”œโ”€โ”€ IT staff (10 FTE): $120K/month
โ”œโ”€โ”€ Maintenance windows: $20K/month
โ”œโ”€โ”€ Downtime impact: $30K/month
โ””โ”€โ”€ Total: $170K/month

Total Current: $320K/month

Future State Costs

Cloud Infrastructure:
โ”œโ”€โ”€ Compute (EC2/VMs): $35K/month
โ”œโ”€โ”€ Storage (S3/Blob): $8K/month
โ”œโ”€โ”€ Database (RDS/SQL): $15K/month
โ”œโ”€โ”€ Network transfer: $5K/month
โ”œโ”€โ”€ Other services: $12K/month
โ””โ”€โ”€ Total: $75K/month

Operational Costs:
โ”œโ”€โ”€ IT staff (6 FTE): $72K/month
โ”œโ”€โ”€ Managed services: $15K/month
โ”œโ”€โ”€ Training/certification: $5K/month
โ””โ”€โ”€ Total: $92K/month

Total Future: $167K/month
Savings: $153K/month (48%)

Cost Optimization Strategies

Strategy Potential Savings Effort Risk Implementation Time
Reserved Instances 30-60% Low Low Immediate
Spot Instances 70-90% Medium Medium 1 week
Right-sizing 20-40% Low Low 2 weeks
Storage tiering 30-50% Low Low 1 week
Scheduled scaling 20-30% Medium Low 2 weeks
Serverless refactor 40-70% High Medium 3 months
License optimization 20-40% Medium Low 1 month

ROI Calculation Model

# Migration ROI Calculator
migration_cost = 500000  # One-time migration cost
monthly_savings = 153000  # Monthly operational savings
months_to_payback = migration_cost / monthly_savings  # 3.3 months

# 3-Year ROI
total_savings_3yr = (monthly_savings * 36) - migration_cost
roi_percentage = (total_savings_3yr / migration_cost) * 100
# Result: 996% ROI over 3 years

Risk Management

Technical Risk Matrix

Risk Probability Impact Mitigation Strategy Owner
Data loss during migration Low Critical Backup verification, rollback plan Data Team
Extended downtime Medium High Phased migration, parallel run Ops Team
Performance degradation Medium Medium Performance testing, optimization App Team
Security breach Low Critical Security assessment, WAF, monitoring Security
Cost overrun High Medium Reserved instances, cost monitoring Finance
Skill gaps High Medium Training, partners, staff augmentation HR
Vendor lock-in Medium Low Multi-cloud architecture, portability Architecture
Compliance violation Low High Compliance mapping, audits Legal

Business Risk Assessment

Risk Category Current Risk Post-Migration Risk Change
Operational High Low โ†“ 70%
Financial Medium Low โ†“ 50%
Regulatory Low Low โ†’ 0%
Reputational Medium Low โ†“ 40%
Strategic High Low โ†“ 60%

Migration Patterns

Common Migration Patterns

1. Strangler Fig Pattern

[Monolithic App]
     โ†“
[Proxy/Router] โ†’ [New Microservice 1]
     โ†“         โ†’ [New Microservice 2]
[Legacy Components] โ†’ [New Microservice 3]

Use When: - Gradual modernization needed - Zero downtime required - Risk mitigation important

2. Database-First Migration

[App Tier] โ†’ [Database Tier]
              โ†“
         [Cloud Database]
              โ†“
[App Tier] โ†’ [Cloud Database]
     โ†“
[Cloud App] โ†’ [Cloud Database]

Use When: - Database is bottleneck - Data gravity is high - Compliance requires data location

3. Hybrid Bridge Pattern

[On-Premises] โ†โ†’ [Bridge/Gateway] โ†โ†’ [Cloud]
     โ†“                                    โ†“
[Local Services]                   [Cloud Services]

Use When: - Gradual migration needed - Hybrid architecture required - Latency sensitive workloads

Migration Wave Planning

Wave Applications Strategy Duration Risk
Wave 0 Dev/Test environments Rehost 2 weeks Low
Wave 1 Stateless web apps Replatform 4 weeks Low
Wave 2 Databases (non-critical) Replatform 6 weeks Medium
Wave 3 Core business apps Refactor 12 weeks High
Wave 4 Legacy systems Rehost/Retire 8 weeks Medium
Wave 5 Data warehouse Repurchase 16 weeks High

Platform Comparison

Major Cloud Platform Comparison

Capability AWS Azure GCP Best For
Global Reach 31 regions 60+ regions 35 regions Azure for coverage
Compute Options โญโญโญโญโญ โญโญโญโญ โญโญโญโญ AWS for variety
Kubernetes โญโญโญโญ โญโญโญโญ โญโญโญโญโญ GCP for K8s
Serverless โญโญโญโญโญ โญโญโญโญ โญโญโญโญ AWS for maturity
Database Options โญโญโญโญโญ โญโญโญโญ โญโญโญโญ AWS for variety
AI/ML โญโญโญโญ โญโญโญโญ โญโญโญโญโญ GCP for AI/ML
Enterprise Integration โญโญโญโญ โญโญโญโญโญ โญโญโญ Azure for Microsoft
Cost Management โญโญโญโญ โญโญโญโญ โญโญโญโญโญ GCP for simplicity
Documentation โญโญโญโญโญ โญโญโญโญ โญโญโญโญ AWS for depth
Support โญโญโญโญโญ โญโญโญโญ โญโญโญ AWS for ecosystem

Migration Tool Comparison

Tool Source Target Downtime Cost Complexity
AWS MGN Any AWS Minimal Free* Low
Azure Migrate Any Azure Minimal Free* Low
Migrate for Compute Engine Any GCP Minimal Free* Low
CloudEndure Any AWS Minimal |Low||*โ€…*โ€…Velostrataโ€…*โ€…*|Any|GCP|Zero| Medium
Zerto Any Any Zero $$$ Low

Implementation Roadmap

Phase 1: Assessment & Planning (Weeks 1-8)

Week 1-2: Discovery

Week 3-4: Assessment

Week 5-6: Planning

Week 7-8: Preparation

Phase 2: Pilot Migration (Weeks 9-12)

Week 9-10: Environment Setup

Week 11-12: Pilot Migration

Phase 3: Production Migration (Weeks 13-24)

Weeks 13-16: Wave 1

Weeks 17-20: Wave 2

Weeks 21-24: Wave 3

Phase 4: Optimization (Weeks 25-32)

Weeks 25-28: Performance

Weeks 29-32: Operations


Industry Considerations

Financial Services

Key Requirements: - Regulatory compliance (SOX, PCI-DSS) - Data residency requirements - Real-time transaction processing - Disaster recovery (RPO < 1hr) - Encryption everywhere

Recommended Approach: - Private cloud connectivity - Hybrid architecture - Phased migration - Extensive testing - Regulatory approval gates

Healthcare

Key Requirements: - HIPAA compliance - PHI data protection - High availability (99.99%) - Audit logging - Integration with EMR/EHR

Recommended Approach: - HIPAA-eligible services only - Encryption by default - Dedicated infrastructure - BAA agreements - Compliance validation

Retail/E-commerce

Key Requirements: - Seasonal scalability - Global distribution - PCI compliance - Omnichannel support - Real-time inventory

Recommended Approach: - Auto-scaling architecture - CDN implementation - Microservices design - Event-driven architecture - Multi-region deployment

Manufacturing

Key Requirements: - IoT integration - Edge computing - Predictive maintenance - Supply chain integration - Legacy system connectivity

Recommended Approach: - Hybrid cloud model - Edge deployment - IoT platforms - Data lake architecture - API-first integration


Success Metrics

Technical Metrics

Metric Baseline Target Measurement
Application Performance 500ms 200ms APM tools
Availability 99.5% 99.99% Uptime monitoring
Recovery Time (RTO) 24 hours 1 hour DR testing
Recovery Point (RPO) 24 hours 15 minutes Backup validation
Deployment Frequency Monthly Daily CI/CD metrics
Mean Time to Recovery 4 hours 30 minutes Incident tracking
Infrastructure Utilization 30% 70% Cloud monitoring

Business Metrics

Metric Baseline Target Measurement
IT Cost Reduction $0 40% Finance reports
Time to Market 6 months 1 month Project tracking
Customer Satisfaction 7.0 9.0 NPS scores
Innovation Velocity 2 features/quarter 10 features/quarter Product metrics
Technical Debt 40% 10% Code analysis
Operational Efficiency 60% 90% Process metrics

Migration Success Criteria

โœ… Successful Migration Indicators: - All applications migrated on schedule - Zero data loss during migration - Performance SLAs met or exceeded - Cost savings realized - Team successfully operating cloud

โš ๏ธ Warning Signs: - Schedule slippage > 20% - Cost overrun > 30% - Performance degradation - Security incidents - Team struggling with cloud

โŒ Failure Indicators: - Critical data loss - Extended unplanned downtime - Compliance violations - Budget exceeded by 50%+ - Business impact


Appendix: Templates & Tools

Migration Readiness Checklist

Business Readiness: - [ ] Executive sponsorship secured - [ ] Budget approved - [ ] Success metrics defined - [ ] Stakeholders identified - [ ] Communication plan created

Technical Readiness: - [ ] Current state documented - [ ] Dependencies mapped - [ ] Target architecture designed - [ ] Migration tools selected - [ ] Team trained

Operational Readiness: - [ ] Runbooks created - [ ] Monitoring configured - [ ] Support model defined - [ ] Escalation paths established - [ ] Change management process

Cost Estimation Template

Migration Cost Estimator
========================
One-Time Costs:
- Discovery & Assessment: $50,000
- Migration Tools: $25,000
- Professional Services: $200,000
- Training: $30,000
- Contingency (20%): $61,000
Total One-Time: $366,000

Monthly Costs (Post-Migration):
- Infrastructure: $75,000
- Operations: $40,000
- Support: $15,000
- Optimization: $10,000
Total Monthly: $140,000

ROI Calculation:
- Current Monthly Cost: $320,000
- New Monthly Cost: $140,000
- Monthly Savings: $180,000
- Payback Period: 2.0 months
- 3-Year ROI: 1,380%

End of Cloud Migration Assessment Framework v2.0

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