Cloud Migration Assessment Framework
Comprehensive Multi-Cloud Migration Excellence
Version 1.0 | 2025
Table of Contents
- Executive Summary
- Migration Maturity Model
- Assessment Dimensions
- Discovery & Inventory
- Application Assessment
- Data Migration Strategy
- Network Architecture
- Security & Compliance
- Cost Analysis & Optimization
- Risk Management
- Migration Patterns
- Platform Comparison
- Implementation Roadmap
- Industry Considerations
- Success Metrics
Executive Summary
The Cloud Migration Reality
83% of enterprise workloads will be in the cloud by 2025, yet 67% of migrations fail to meet their objectives. Failed migrations cost enterprises an average of $2.8M in lost productivity, overruns, and rework.
Why Migrations Fail
- 37% - Incomplete discovery (unknown dependencies)
- 28% - Underestimated complexity
- 23% - Inadequate skills/resources
- 12% - Poor stakeholder alignment
Framework Overview
This framework provides a systematic approach to cloud migration assessment across eight critical dimensions:
- Infrastructure Discovery - Complete inventory and dependencies
- Application Portfolio - 6R analysis and modernization
- Data Architecture - Migration patterns and sync strategies
- Network Design - Connectivity and security architecture
- Security Posture - Compliance and governance
- Cost Optimization - TCO and ROI analysis
- Risk Management - Technical and business risks
- Organizational Readiness - Skills and change management
Key Deliverables
- Cloud Readiness Score (1-5 scale)
- Complete Asset Inventory
- Dependency Mapping (Application & Data)
- Migration Wave Plan
- Cost-Benefit Analysis
- Risk Register with Mitigation
- 18-Month Roadmap
- Runbook Templates
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๐งฎ Launch CalculatorMigration Maturity Model
Level 1: Cloud Curious (Score: 0-20)
Characteristics: - On-premises focused - No cloud strategy - Limited cloud knowledge - Manual operations - Waterfall development
Typical Environment: - Physical servers dominant - Monolithic applications - Manual deployments - No automation - Tribal knowledge
Migration Readiness: โ Not Ready
Level 2: Cloud Experimenting (Score: 21-40)
Characteristics: - Some cloud usage (shadow IT) - Basic understanding - Lift-and-shift mindset - Some virtualization - Limited automation
Typical Environment: - Mix of physical/virtual - Some IaaS usage - Manual configurations - Basic monitoring - Documented processes
Migration Readiness: โ ๏ธ Significant Preparation Needed
Level 3: Cloud Adopting (Score: 41-60)
Characteristics: - Cloud-first for new projects - Hybrid architecture - DevOps practices emerging - Cost awareness - Security considerations
Typical Environment: - Mostly virtualized - IaaS and some PaaS - CI/CD for some apps - Centralized logging - Change management exists
Migration Readiness: โ Ready with Planning
Level 4: Cloud Optimizing (Score: 61-80)
Characteristics: - Cloud-native development - Multi-cloud strategy - Mature DevOps - Cost optimization - Security automation
Typical Environment: - Containerized workloads - PaaS/SaaS preferred - GitOps workflows - Observability platform - FinOps practices
Migration Readiness: โ Ready for Complex Migrations
Level 5: Cloud Native (Score: 81-100)
Characteristics: - Serverless-first - Multi-cloud orchestration - Full automation - AI/ML operations - Innovation focus
Typical Environment: - Serverless architectures - Event-driven design - Self-healing systems - Predictive operations - Continuous optimization
Migration Readiness: โ Ready for Transformation
Maturity Scoring Matrix
Dimension | Weight | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Level 4 | Level 5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infrastructure | 20% | Physical | Virtual | Hybrid | Cloud | Multi-cloud |
Applications | 20% | Monolithic | N-tier | Services | Microservices | Serverless |
Data | 15% | Siloed | Centralized | Integrated | Distributed | Real-time |
Security | 15% | Perimeter | Layered | Zero-trust | Automated | AI-driven |
Operations | 10% | Manual | Scripted | Automated | Orchestrated | Self-healing |
Culture | 10% | Resistant | Aware | Adopting | Embracing | Leading |
Skills | 5% | None | Basic | Developing | Proficient | Expert |
Governance | 5% | Ad-hoc | Defined | Managed | Optimized | Innovative |
Assessment Dimensions
Comprehensive Cloud Migration Assessment Areas
Dimension | Focus Areas | Key Metrics | Tools |
---|---|---|---|
Infrastructure | Servers, Storage, Network | Utilization, Age, Dependencies | AWS Migration Hub, Azure Migrate |
Applications | Portfolio, Architecture, Code | Complexity, Technical Debt | CAST, vFunction |
Data | Databases, Files, Streams | Volume, Velocity, Variety | AWS DMS, Azure DMS |
Security | Identity, Network, Data | Vulnerabilities, Compliance | Prisma Cloud, Dome9 |
Performance | Latency, Throughput, IOPS | SLA, Baselines, Requirements | AppDynamics, Datadog |
Cost | Infrastructure, Licenses, Operations | TCO, ROI, Payback | CloudHealth, Cloudability |
Compliance | Regulatory, Industry, Internal | Gap Analysis, Remediation | AWS Audit Manager |
Operations | Monitoring, Backup, DR | RTO, RPO, Availability | PagerDuty, Splunk |
Discovery & Inventory
Discovery Methodology
Phase 1: Infrastructure Discovery (Week 1-2)
Compute Resources: - Physical servers inventory - Virtual machines catalog - Container deployments - Serverless functions - Batch jobs
Storage Systems: - SAN/NAS inventory - Object storage usage - Database storage - File shares mapping - Backup systems
Network Components: - Network topology - Firewall rules - Load balancers - DNS configuration - VPN/Direct connections
Phase 2: Application Discovery (Week 3-4)
Application Portfolio: - Business applications - Custom applications - COTS packages - SaaS integrations - Legacy systems
Technical Stack: - Programming languages - Frameworks/libraries - Runtime environments - Middleware components - Third-party services
Phase 3: Data Discovery (Week 5-6)
Data Assets: - Relational databases - NoSQL databases - Data warehouses - File storage - Streaming data
Data Characteristics: - Data volume (TB/PB) - Growth rate - Retention requirements - Compliance needs - Business criticality
Discovery Tools Comparison
Tool | Cloud | Agentless | Auto-Discovery | Dependency Mapping | Cost |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AWS Migration Hub | AWS | โ | โ | โ | Free* |
Azure Migrate | Azure | โ | โ | โ | Free* |
Google Migrate | GCP | โ | โ | โ | Free* |
Cloudamize | Any | โ | โ | โ | $$$ | | **Turbonomic** | Any | โ | โ | โ | $$||*โ *โ Device42โ *โ *|Any|โ |โ |โ |$ |
Application Assessment
The 6R Migration Strategies
1. Rehost (โLift and Shiftโ)
When to Use: - Quick migration needed - Minimal changes acceptable - Standard applications - Low risk tolerance
Complexity: โญโญโโโ
Example Migration:
Source: VMware vSphere VM (Windows Server 2019)
Target: AWS EC2 (m5.xlarge)
Method: AWS Application Migration Service
Timeline: 2-4 weeks
Cost Impact: -30% infrastructure cost
2. Replatform (โLift and Reshapeโ)
When to Use: - Some optimization desired - PaaS services available - Moderate risk tolerance - Time for minor changes
Complexity: โญโญโญโโ
Example Migration:
Source: On-premises SQL Server
Target: Azure SQL Database (Managed)
Method: Azure Database Migration Service
Timeline: 4-6 weeks
Cost Impact: -40% operational cost
3. Repurchase (โDrop and Shopโ)
When to Use: - SaaS alternative exists - Current system outdated - Maintenance burden high - Standard business process
Complexity: โญโญโญโญโ
Example Migration:
Source: On-premises CRM (Custom)
Target: Salesforce
Method: Data migration + Training
Timeline: 3-6 months
Cost Impact: +20% initially, -50% over 3 years
4. Refactor (โRe-architectโ)
When to Use: - Cloud-native benefits needed - Scalability requirements - Modern architecture desired - Innovation focus
Complexity: โญโญโญโญโญ
Example Migration:
Source: Monolithic Java application
Target: Microservices on Kubernetes
Method: Strangler pattern
Timeline: 6-12 months
Cost Impact: -60% at scale
5. Retire
When to Use: - Redundant applications - End-of-life systems - Low business value - High maintenance cost
Complexity: โญโโโโ
6. Retain
When to Use: - Recent major investment - Regulatory constraints - High migration risk - Strategic on-premises need
Complexity: โญโโโโ
Application Complexity Scoring
Factor | Weight | Score Criteria |
---|---|---|
Architecture | 25% | Monolithic(5) โ Microservices(1) |
Dependencies | 20% | Many(5) โ Few(1) |
Data Volume | 15% | PB(5) โ GB(1) |
Integrations | 15% | Complex(5) โ Simple(1) |
Performance Requirements | 10% | Ultra-low latency(5) โ Flexible(1) |
Compliance | 10% | Strict(5) โ None(1) |
Age/Technical Debt | 5% | Legacy(5) โ Modern(1) |
Data Migration Strategy
Data Migration Patterns
1. Big Bang Migration
Characteristics: - Complete cutover - Minimal migration window - Higher risk - Lower complexity
Best For: - Small datasets (<1TB) - Simple applications - Acceptable downtime
2. Trickle Migration
Characteristics: - Phased approach - Zero downtime - Complex setup - Lower risk
Best For: - Large datasets (>10TB) - Critical applications - No downtime tolerance
3. Hybrid Sync
Characteristics: - Bidirectional sync - Gradual transition - Complex orchestration - Rollback capability
Best For: - Gradual cloud adoption - Risk-averse organizations - Complex dependencies
Data Transfer Methods
Method | Speed | Cost | Use Case | Max Data |
---|---|---|---|---|
Internet Transfer | Slow | $ | <100GB | 100GB |
Direct Connect/ExpressRoute | Fast | $$$ | Ongoing sync | Unlimited | | **AWS Snowball** | Medium | $$ | 10TB-80TB | 80TB |
AWS Snowmobile | Medium | $$$$ | >100TB | 100PB | | **Azure Data Box** | Medium | $$ | 40TB-1PB | 1PB |
Database Migration Service | Fast | $$ | Databases | 64TB |
Database Migration Matrix
Source | Target | Tool | Downtime | Complexity |
---|---|---|---|---|
Oracle โ Oracle | RDS Oracle | DMS | Minimal | Low |
SQL Server โ SQL Server | Azure SQL | DMS | Zero | Low |
Oracle โ PostgreSQL | Aurora PostgreSQL | SCT + DMS | Minimal | High |
MySQL โ MySQL | Cloud SQL | Native replication | Zero | Low |
MongoDB โ MongoDB | Atlas | mongomirror | Minimal | Medium |
Cassandra โ Cassandra | Managed Cassandra | sstableloader | Hours | Medium |
Network Architecture
Network Design Patterns
Hub and Spoke
[Central Hub VPC]
/ | \
[Prod] [Stage] [Dev]
| | |
[Workload] [Workload] [Workload]
Benefits: - Centralized control - Cost-effective - Simple management
Challenges: - Single point of failure - Potential bottleneck
Full Mesh
[VPC-A] โโ [VPC-B]
โ โ โ โ
โ โ โ
โ โ โ โ
[VPC-C] โโ [VPC-D]
Benefits: - High availability - Direct communication - Low latency
Challenges: - Complex management - Higher cost - Scaling difficulties
Connectivity Options
Option | Bandwidth | Latency | Cost | Setup Time | Best For |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
VPN | 1.25 Gbps | Variable | $ | Hours | Dev/Test |
Direct Connect | 100 Gbps | Consistent | $$$ | Weeks | Production | | **ExpressRoute** | 100 Gbps | Consistent | $$$ | Weeks | Production |
Interconnect | 100 Gbps | Consistent | $$$ | Weeks | Production | | **Private Link** | 10 Gbps | Low | $$ | Hours | SaaS |
Security & Compliance
Security Assessment Framework
Identity & Access
- Current State Assessment
- User inventory
- Service accounts
- Privileged access
- MFA adoption
- SSO integration
- Target State Design
- Zero Trust architecture
- Just-in-time access
- Privileged access management
- Identity federation
- Conditional access
Network Security
- Current State Assessment
- Firewall rules
- Network segmentation
- DMZ architecture
- VPN access
- DDoS protection
- Target State Design
- Microsegmentation
- Software-defined perimeter
- Cloud-native firewall
- Private endpoints
- WAF deployment
Data Protection
- Current State Assessment
- Encryption at rest
- Encryption in transit
- Key management
- Data classification
- DLP policies
- Target State Design
- Cloud KMS
- Certificate management
- Secrets management
- Data tokenization
- Privacy compliance
Compliance Mapping
Regulation | AWS Services | Azure Services | GCP Services |
---|---|---|---|
HIPAA | HIPAA Eligible Services | Azure HIPAA Blueprint | Google Cloud Healthcare API |
PCI DSS | PCI DSS Compliance Package | Azure PCI Blueprint | PCI DSS on GCP |
GDPR | AWS GDPR Center | Azure GDPR Tools | Cloud Data Loss Prevention |
SOC 2 | AWS Artifact | Azure Compliance Manager | Google Cloud Compliance |
FedRAMP | AWS GovCloud | Azure Government | Google Cloud FedRAMP |
Security Tools Comparison
Tool | Cloud | CSPM | CWPP | CNAPP | Cost |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prisma Cloud | Multi | โ | โ | โ | $$$$ | | **Dome9** | Multi | โ | โ | โ | $$$ |
AWS Security Hub | AWS | โ | โ | โ | ||*โ *โ AzureSecurityCenterโ *โ *|Azure|โ |โ |โ| |
Chronicle | GCP | โ | โ | โ | $$$ |
Cost Analysis & Optimization
Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) Model
Current State Costs
Infrastructure Costs:
โโโ Hardware depreciation: $50K/month
โโโ Data center costs: $30K/month
โโโ Network/bandwidth: $10K/month
โโโ Software licenses: $40K/month
โโโ Support contracts: $20K/month
โโโ Total: $150K/month
Operational Costs:
โโโ IT staff (10 FTE): $120K/month
โโโ Maintenance windows: $20K/month
โโโ Downtime impact: $30K/month
โโโ Total: $170K/month
Total Current: $320K/month
Future State Costs
Cloud Infrastructure:
โโโ Compute (EC2/VMs): $35K/month
โโโ Storage (S3/Blob): $8K/month
โโโ Database (RDS/SQL): $15K/month
โโโ Network transfer: $5K/month
โโโ Other services: $12K/month
โโโ Total: $75K/month
Operational Costs:
โโโ IT staff (6 FTE): $72K/month
โโโ Managed services: $15K/month
โโโ Training/certification: $5K/month
โโโ Total: $92K/month
Total Future: $167K/month
Savings: $153K/month (48%)
Cost Optimization Strategies
Strategy | Potential Savings | Effort | Risk | Implementation Time |
---|---|---|---|---|
Reserved Instances | 30-60% | Low | Low | Immediate |
Spot Instances | 70-90% | Medium | Medium | 1 week |
Right-sizing | 20-40% | Low | Low | 2 weeks |
Storage tiering | 30-50% | Low | Low | 1 week |
Scheduled scaling | 20-30% | Medium | Low | 2 weeks |
Serverless refactor | 40-70% | High | Medium | 3 months |
License optimization | 20-40% | Medium | Low | 1 month |
ROI Calculation Model
# Migration ROI Calculator
= 500000 # One-time migration cost
migration_cost = 153000 # Monthly operational savings
monthly_savings = migration_cost / monthly_savings # 3.3 months
months_to_payback
# 3-Year ROI
= (monthly_savings * 36) - migration_cost
total_savings_3yr = (total_savings_3yr / migration_cost) * 100
roi_percentage # Result: 996% ROI over 3 years
Risk Management
Technical Risk Matrix
Risk | Probability | Impact | Mitigation Strategy | Owner |
---|---|---|---|---|
Data loss during migration | Low | Critical | Backup verification, rollback plan | Data Team |
Extended downtime | Medium | High | Phased migration, parallel run | Ops Team |
Performance degradation | Medium | Medium | Performance testing, optimization | App Team |
Security breach | Low | Critical | Security assessment, WAF, monitoring | Security |
Cost overrun | High | Medium | Reserved instances, cost monitoring | Finance |
Skill gaps | High | Medium | Training, partners, staff augmentation | HR |
Vendor lock-in | Medium | Low | Multi-cloud architecture, portability | Architecture |
Compliance violation | Low | High | Compliance mapping, audits | Legal |
Business Risk Assessment
Risk Category | Current Risk | Post-Migration Risk | Change |
---|---|---|---|
Operational | High | Low | โ 70% |
Financial | Medium | Low | โ 50% |
Regulatory | Low | Low | โ 0% |
Reputational | Medium | Low | โ 40% |
Strategic | High | Low | โ 60% |
Migration Patterns
Common Migration Patterns
1. Strangler Fig Pattern
[Monolithic App]
โ
[Proxy/Router] โ [New Microservice 1]
โ โ [New Microservice 2]
[Legacy Components] โ [New Microservice 3]
Use When: - Gradual modernization needed - Zero downtime required - Risk mitigation important
2. Database-First Migration
[App Tier] โ [Database Tier]
โ
[Cloud Database]
โ
[App Tier] โ [Cloud Database]
โ
[Cloud App] โ [Cloud Database]
Use When: - Database is bottleneck - Data gravity is high - Compliance requires data location
3. Hybrid Bridge Pattern
[On-Premises] โโ [Bridge/Gateway] โโ [Cloud]
โ โ
[Local Services] [Cloud Services]
Use When: - Gradual migration needed - Hybrid architecture required - Latency sensitive workloads
Migration Wave Planning
Wave | Applications | Strategy | Duration | Risk |
---|---|---|---|---|
Wave 0 | Dev/Test environments | Rehost | 2 weeks | Low |
Wave 1 | Stateless web apps | Replatform | 4 weeks | Low |
Wave 2 | Databases (non-critical) | Replatform | 6 weeks | Medium |
Wave 3 | Core business apps | Refactor | 12 weeks | High |
Wave 4 | Legacy systems | Rehost/Retire | 8 weeks | Medium |
Wave 5 | Data warehouse | Repurchase | 16 weeks | High |
Platform Comparison
Major Cloud Platform Comparison
Capability | AWS | Azure | GCP | Best For |
---|---|---|---|---|
Global Reach | 31 regions | 60+ regions | 35 regions | Azure for coverage |
Compute Options | โญโญโญโญโญ | โญโญโญโญ | โญโญโญโญ | AWS for variety |
Kubernetes | โญโญโญโญ | โญโญโญโญ | โญโญโญโญโญ | GCP for K8s |
Serverless | โญโญโญโญโญ | โญโญโญโญ | โญโญโญโญ | AWS for maturity |
Database Options | โญโญโญโญโญ | โญโญโญโญ | โญโญโญโญ | AWS for variety |
AI/ML | โญโญโญโญ | โญโญโญโญ | โญโญโญโญโญ | GCP for AI/ML |
Enterprise Integration | โญโญโญโญ | โญโญโญโญโญ | โญโญโญ | Azure for Microsoft |
Cost Management | โญโญโญโญ | โญโญโญโญ | โญโญโญโญโญ | GCP for simplicity |
Documentation | โญโญโญโญโญ | โญโญโญโญ | โญโญโญโญ | AWS for depth |
Support | โญโญโญโญโญ | โญโญโญโญ | โญโญโญ | AWS for ecosystem |
Migration Tool Comparison
Tool | Source | Target | Downtime | Cost | Complexity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AWS MGN | Any | AWS | Minimal | Free* | Low |
Azure Migrate | Any | Azure | Minimal | Free* | Low |
Migrate for Compute Engine | Any | GCP | Minimal | Free* | Low |
CloudEndure | Any | AWS | Minimal | |Low||*โ *โ Velostrataโ *โ *|Any|GCP|Zero| | Medium |
Zerto | Any | Any | Zero | $$$ | Low |
Implementation Roadmap
Phase 1: Assessment & Planning (Weeks 1-8)
Week 1-2: Discovery
Week 3-4: Assessment
Week 5-6: Planning
Week 7-8: Preparation
Phase 2: Pilot Migration (Weeks 9-12)
Week 9-10: Environment Setup
Week 11-12: Pilot Migration
Phase 3: Production Migration (Weeks 13-24)
Weeks 13-16: Wave 1
Weeks 17-20: Wave 2
Weeks 21-24: Wave 3
Phase 4: Optimization (Weeks 25-32)
Weeks 25-28: Performance
Weeks 29-32: Operations
Industry Considerations
Financial Services
Key Requirements: - Regulatory compliance (SOX, PCI-DSS) - Data residency requirements - Real-time transaction processing - Disaster recovery (RPO < 1hr) - Encryption everywhere
Recommended Approach: - Private cloud connectivity - Hybrid architecture - Phased migration - Extensive testing - Regulatory approval gates
Healthcare
Key Requirements: - HIPAA compliance - PHI data protection - High availability (99.99%) - Audit logging - Integration with EMR/EHR
Recommended Approach: - HIPAA-eligible services only - Encryption by default - Dedicated infrastructure - BAA agreements - Compliance validation
Retail/E-commerce
Key Requirements: - Seasonal scalability - Global distribution - PCI compliance - Omnichannel support - Real-time inventory
Recommended Approach: - Auto-scaling architecture - CDN implementation - Microservices design - Event-driven architecture - Multi-region deployment
Manufacturing
Key Requirements: - IoT integration - Edge computing - Predictive maintenance - Supply chain integration - Legacy system connectivity
Recommended Approach: - Hybrid cloud model - Edge deployment - IoT platforms - Data lake architecture - API-first integration
Success Metrics
Technical Metrics
Metric | Baseline | Target | Measurement |
---|---|---|---|
Application Performance | 500ms | 200ms | APM tools |
Availability | 99.5% | 99.99% | Uptime monitoring |
Recovery Time (RTO) | 24 hours | 1 hour | DR testing |
Recovery Point (RPO) | 24 hours | 15 minutes | Backup validation |
Deployment Frequency | Monthly | Daily | CI/CD metrics |
Mean Time to Recovery | 4 hours | 30 minutes | Incident tracking |
Infrastructure Utilization | 30% | 70% | Cloud monitoring |
Business Metrics
Metric | Baseline | Target | Measurement |
---|---|---|---|
IT Cost Reduction | $0 | 40% | Finance reports |
Time to Market | 6 months | 1 month | Project tracking |
Customer Satisfaction | 7.0 | 9.0 | NPS scores |
Innovation Velocity | 2 features/quarter | 10 features/quarter | Product metrics |
Technical Debt | 40% | 10% | Code analysis |
Operational Efficiency | 60% | 90% | Process metrics |
Migration Success Criteria
โ Successful Migration Indicators: - All applications migrated on schedule - Zero data loss during migration - Performance SLAs met or exceeded - Cost savings realized - Team successfully operating cloud
โ ๏ธ Warning Signs: - Schedule slippage > 20% - Cost overrun > 30% - Performance degradation - Security incidents - Team struggling with cloud
โ Failure Indicators: - Critical data loss - Extended unplanned downtime - Compliance violations - Budget exceeded by 50%+ - Business impact
Appendix: Templates & Tools
Migration Readiness Checklist
Business Readiness: - [ ] Executive sponsorship secured - [ ] Budget approved - [ ] Success metrics defined - [ ] Stakeholders identified - [ ] Communication plan created
Technical Readiness: - [ ] Current state documented - [ ] Dependencies mapped - [ ] Target architecture designed - [ ] Migration tools selected - [ ] Team trained
Operational Readiness: - [ ] Runbooks created - [ ] Monitoring configured - [ ] Support model defined - [ ] Escalation paths established - [ ] Change management process
Cost Estimation Template
Migration Cost Estimator
========================
One-Time Costs:
- Discovery & Assessment: $50,000
- Migration Tools: $25,000
- Professional Services: $200,000
- Training: $30,000
- Contingency (20%): $61,000
Total One-Time: $366,000
Monthly Costs (Post-Migration):
- Infrastructure: $75,000
- Operations: $40,000
- Support: $15,000
- Optimization: $10,000
Total Monthly: $140,000
ROI Calculation:
- Current Monthly Cost: $320,000
- New Monthly Cost: $140,000
- Monthly Savings: $180,000
- Payback Period: 2.0 months
- 3-Year ROI: 1,380%
End of Cloud Migration Assessment Framework v2.0
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